Effects of stress, diet and physical exercise on type 1 diabetes mellitus with the use of exogenous insulin

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition marked by the pancreas's failure to generate insulin, requiring exogenous insulin for glucose regulation. This study investigates the combined impact of stress, diet, and physical exercise on blood glucose levels and overall health outcomes in individuals with T1DM who are on exogenous insulin therapy and live different lifestyles by formulating a mathematical model to capture the dynamic interactions between insulin requirements and blood glucose regulation analytically and numerically. The model's boundedness, equilibrium stability, and the characteristics of equilibrium values for glucose and insulin concentrations are addressed as well as our proposed model demonstrates asymptotic stability at the equilibrium point. The result of numerical simulation highlights that even after taking three doses of insulin daily, a patient's glucose levels might rise if they do not exercise regularly and are under a lot of stress. Furthermore, findings from this research suggest that a healthy diet plan serves as an essential part for individuals with type 1 diabetes to regulate their blood sugar levels through ensuring that insulin is activated correctly.