Hemodynamics in a time-dependent, bell-shaped stenosed artery

Abstract

The dynamics of blood flow are dramatically changed by arterial stenosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The hemodynamics through a bell-shaped stenosis are examined in this work, which increases with time. A new model is developed after incorporating the temporal term in the geometry of the bell-shaped stenosis. The equation is then solved to get analytical solutions of the flow parameters for axisymmetric, incompressible, and fully developed flow, taking blood as a non-Newtonian fluid. Important variables, including viscosity, time, and stenosis geometry, are changed to see how they affect the volumetric flow rate, velocity, pressure drop, pressure drop ratio, shear stress, and shear stress ratio. The findings demonstrate a large drop in velocity and volumetric flow rate at the bell-shaped stenotic region with increasing time and viscosity. In the region of bell-shaped stenosis, pressure drop and wall shear stress and their ratios increase rapidly with increasing stenosis. These results demonstrate how important the bell-shaped progressive stenosis is to prevent blood flow and raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. It can be used for the clinical approach and for the researchers in this field.